The process of reform in the time of the second parliament (November 15, 1909 – December 24, 1911), which resulted in inviting Morgan Shuster for financial improvements in the late Qajar era, represented the controversy between tradition and modernism in Iran. Many factors were against the process of change in Iran and could lead to social crises. Actually, the implementation of fundamental reforms was very problematic, regarding the specific social model of Iran, and the resistance of the traditional forces. This research, which is based on archival documents and historical sources, seeks to answer these questions: what were the main powers against Shuster's measures, and what were their motivations? The hypothesis was that the challenge between tradition and modernism was very influential; but the research findings demonstrate that in addition to traditional domestic factors such as princes, courtiers, landlords, and. . ., who generally opposed any changes, foreign forces of Russia and Britain were among the main opponents as well.

Continues man's demands to soil resources and increasing of common knowledge from soil degradation and erosion have increased the need for confident evaluation and assessment of soil degradation rate and potential for food production. Moreover, information on sediment transport and nutrient from watershed and its erosive process are some necessities emergency for watershed management. The main objective of this study is to assess the Morgan and Morgan-Finney model using GIS in some part of Mehr watershed of Sabzevar. After collecting basic information, required maps with regard to fieldwork and typical tables of the model in water phase, average annual precipitation intensity was lumped and the other variables of this phase were taken as distributed variables. In the sediment phase, all model input variables in unit works were considered as distributed variables except soil erodibility factor for preparing map of soil detachment by splash. All input variables for generating the sediment transport by overland flow map (G) were used as distributed variables. Finally annual soil loss map was prepared from comparison of (G) and (F) maps and taking their minimum rate. In general, soil loss followed from (F) map and from 3 sub watersheds for model calibration, only in one case (actual was 4.8 times estimated) estimated results are close to actual. Average physical process of soil detachment and sediment transport were about 1.29 and 247.2 kg m-2, respectively in this sub watershed.

Background: The stapled hemorrhoidopexy (SH) is a procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids . At first SH seemed to be a good alternative for the Milligan Morgan (MM) hemorrhoidectomy and preliminary results in early 2000 confirmed it. However, further studies and evaluation of long-term results showed poorer outcomes.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the results of these 2 surgical procedures in terms of recovery, improvement of symptoms and incidence of complications.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from April 2008 to August 2010. A total of 80 patients were divided into 2 groups of 40 each. In the SH group, there were 24 males (60%) and 16 females (40%) with a mean age of 48 ± 12.5 yrs. In the MM group, there were 30 males (75%) and 10 females (25%) with a mean age of 50.6 ± 17.3 yrs. Patients with grade 3 and 4 prolapsed hemorrhoids were entered in the study. Data were entered using SPSS software and analyzed using t-test and Chi-square test.Results: The two groups had no significant difference in terms of age or sex. Duration of surgery was 35 ± 7 minutes in the SH and 23.6 ± 13.5 minutes in the MM group. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.000). Post-operative pain and complete pain relief was slightly lower in the MM group (not significant). Hospital stay was significantly longer in the MM group (P=0.003). Return to work was similar in both groups. Three patients in the SH group (7.5%) and 2 in the MM group (5%) had hemorrhoid recurrence.Conclusions: Both techniques are efficient treatment methods for grade III and IV hemorrhoids and are associated with greater than 95% recovery rate. Overall, outcomes are the same in both techniques. Lower postoperative pain was the only advantage of SH over MM technique.

This paper is the first of a two part series. In this paper, we first prove that the variety of dually quasi-De Morgan Stone semi-Heyting algebras of level 1 satisfies the strongly blended V-De Morgan law introduced in [20]. Then, using this result and the results of [20], we prove our main result which gives an explicit description of simple algebras (=subdirectly irreducibles) in the variety of regular dually quasi-De Morgan Stone semi-Heyting algebras of level 1. It is shown that there are 25 nontrivial simple algebras in this variety.In Part II, we prove, using the description of simples obtained in this Part, that the variety RDQDStSH1 of regular dually quasi-De Morgan Stone semi-Heyting algebras of level 1 is the join of the variety generated by the twenty 3-element RDQDStSH1-chains and the variety of dually quasi-De Morgan Boolean semi-Heyting algebras {the latter is known to be generated by the expansions of the three 4-element Boolean semi-Heyting algebras. As consequences of this theorem, we present (equational) axiomatizations for several subvarieties of RDQDStSH1. The Part II concludes with some open problems for further investigation.

This paper is the second of a two part series. In this Part, we prove, using the description of simples obtained in Part I, that the variety RDQDStSH1 of regular dually quasi-De Morgan Stone semi-Heyting algebras of level 1 is the join of the variety generated by the twenty 3-element RDQDStSH1-chains and the variety of dually quasi-De Morgan Boolean semi-Heyting algebras -the latter is known to be generated by the expansions of the three 4-element Boolean semi-Heyting algebras. As consequences of our main theorem, we present (equational) axiomatizations for several subvarieties of RDQDStSH1. The paper concludes with some open problems for further investigation.

In this paper, Kekulé structures of benzenoid chains are considered. It has been shown that the coefficients of a Bn(x) Morgan Voyce polynomial equal to the number of k– matchings (m(G, K)) of a path graph which has N = 2n + 1 points. Furtermore, two relations are obtained between regularly zig– zag non-branched catacondensed benzenoid chains and Morgan– Voyce polynomials and between regularly zig− zag non branched catacondensed benzenoid chains and their corresponding caterpillar trees.

Introduction: Every year many people around the world lose their lives or suffer from injuries and serious damages in industrial fire. This study aims at evaluating fire risk using an suitable method and determining endangered humane, financial and environmental capitals in various parts of a chemical industries.Material and Method: In this analytical study the developed Frank and Morgan method was used to evaluate the risk offire in all units of a chemical company. Improved checklists validity was confirmed by experts and then, its reliability was determined by test-retest analyzing method. Human, financial and environmental probable losses were calculated in the case offire. A risk factor was determined for each unit and all of them were prioritized accordingly.Result: The study of developed checklists’ validity showed that there was a high conformity (homogeneity) between results of two measured loads (ICC=0.87, %95CI: 0.699-0.952). Mean value of risk in units was 115.45 and research and development (R & D) and sparse part store units have the highest and lowest risk values, respectively. Endangered humane, financial and environmental capitals had the highest to lowest score, respectively.Conclusion: Results showed that the developed Frank and Morgan method can be a suitable tool for evaluating industrial fire risk and prioritizing units in general level of an industrial complex especially chemicals company. According to the findings in this study, the investigation of likely damages to environment in the case offire has high importance.

In the current study, we design a new computational method to solve a class of Li$\acute{e}$nard's equations (LEs). This equation originates from advancements in radio and vacuum tube technology. To attain the proposed goal, we develop a method using a three-layer artificial neural network, consisting of an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. We use the Morgan-Voyce even Fibonacci polynomials (MVEFPs) and $\sinh$ function as activation functions for the hidden layer and the output layer, respectively. Then, the neural network is trained using a classical optimization method. Finally, we analyze four examples using graphs and tables to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the numerical approach.